Majalah Energi

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Rumput Laut Penghasil Bioethanol, Potensi Besar Laut Indonesia

Pada era sekarang ini, penggunaan energi semakin meningkat, akan tetapi persediaan energi terutama energi berbahan baku fosil semakin menipis. Persediaan minyak bumi dan batu bara sangat terbatas dan memerlukan waktu jutaan tahun untuk kembali terbentuk. Selain itu, bahan bakar yang berasal dari minyak bumi dan batu bara menghasilkan polusi dan berakibat pada pemanasan global. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan suatu energi terbarukan dan merupakan energi yang ramah lingkungan sehingga dapat mengatasi permasalahan energi dan pemanasan global.



Salah satu energi yang terbarukan yaitu energi yang berbahan baku rumput laut. Rumput laut dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bioethanol. Caulerpa serrulata dan Gracilaria verrucosa merupakan spesies rumput laut yang dapat menghasilkan bioetanol. Jenis ini memiliki kandungan selulosa yang dapat dihidrolisis menjadi glukosa yang selanjutnya dapat diubah menjadi bioetanol.

Proses pembuatan bioetanol dari rumput laut yaitu persiapan bahan baku, yang berupa proses hidrolisa pati menjadi glukosa. Tahap kedua berupa proses fermentasi, mengubah glukosa menjadi etanol dan CO2. Sedangkan, tahap ketiga yaitu pemurnian hasil dengan cara distilasi. Tetapi sebelum distilasi, perlu dilakukan pemisahan antara padatan dengan cairan, untuk menghindari terjadinya penyumbatan selama proses distilasi. Distilasi dilakukan untuk memisahkan etanol dengan air. Titik didih etanol murni adalah 78 ^oC sedangkan air adalah 100 ^{o o}C akan mengakibatkan sebagian besar etanol menguap, dan melalui unit kondensasi akan bisa dihasilkan etanol dengan konsentrasi 95 % volume.

Keuntungan mengembangkan energi berbahan baku rumput laut yaitu, proses pembudidayaan rumput laut tidak mengurangi lahan pertanian pangan karena tidak memerlukan lahan darat. Selain itu, Indonesia sebagai Negara kepulauan yang daerahnya terdiri dari 2/3 lautan dan memiliki panjang pantai sekitar 81.000 km memiliki potensi besar untuk membudidayakan rumput laut. Indonesia memiliki luas area untuk kegiatan budidaya rumput laut seluas 1.110.900 ha, tetapi pengembangan budidaya rumput laut baru memanfaatkan lahan seluas 222.180 ha sekitar 20% dari luas areal potensial.



Proses pembudidayaan rumput laut pun relatif singkat karena hanya memerlukan sekitar 45 hari untuk bisa dipanen. Produktivitas rumput laut cukup tinggi dibandingkan dengan menggunakan tebu, singkong, ubi jalar, dan jagung sebagai bahan baku bioetanol. Rumput laut pun melakukan fontosintesis sehingga dapat menyerap gas CO2 yang menyebabkan pemanasan global di dunia. Selama ini, pengatasian pemanasan global selalu dikaitkan dengan penanaman pohon. Padahal, laut memiliki potensi yang besar untuk membantu mengatasi masalah pemanasan global. Pengaruh industri bioetanol dari rumput laut terhadap upaya meringankan dampak pemanasan global lebih besar karena etanol rumput laut menyerap karbon dari udara tujuh kali lebih besar dibanding bioetanol dari kayu.

Rumput laut sebagai biodiesel dinilai lebih kompetitif dibandingkan komoditas lainnya. 1 ha lahan rumput laut dapat menghasilkan 58.700 liter (30% minyak) pertahunnya, jumlah tersebut sangat besar dibandingkan jagung yang menghasilkan 172 liter/tahun dan kelapa sawit yang menghasilkan 5.900 liter/tahun.

Bioetanol dari rumput laut telah terbukti lebih murah biaya dan menguntungkan dibanding dari tebu dan kayu karena pertumbuhannya lebih cepat sehingga memungkinkan panen sampai enam kali dalam setahun. Biaya produksi bioetanol dari rumput laut lebih murah dibanding dari kayu karena rumput laut tidak mengandung lignin sehingga proses pengolahannya tidak dibebankan oleh penanganan pendahuluan proses.

Sumber:
yudiprasetyo.info/rumput-laut-sebagai-bahan-pembuatan-biofuel/
indosmarin.com/2008/11/ri-korea-kembangk...el-dari-rumput-laut/
portal.pi-umkm.net/en/opini/quo-vadis-kekayaan-laut.html
go-greenergy.blogspot.com/2009/07/rumput...i-bahan-biofuel.html
rumputlaut.org/undip-kembangkan-bahan-ba...oetanol-rumput-laut/
majalahenergi.com/media/kunena/attachmen...ages/rumput_laut.jpg

Wah setuju banget Win kl Rumput Laut menjadi pilihan utama penghasil Bio-Ethanol di Indonesia...terutama karena Rumput Laut juga mampu menyerap CO₂ sehingga bisa mengurangi Global Warming+lahannya yg berupa laut banyak tersedia di Indonesia jdnya ga usah nebang2 hutan buat buka lahan

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